Timer Dual Analog
Timer Dual Analog
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How to implement an Analog to Digital converter using basic electronics?(The cicuit diagram and a description)?
I need to implement a dual slope integrating type analog to digital converter using basic electronics. Micro controllers (PIC s) or complete a/d converter chips cannot be used. I need to implement this using op amps, BCD to seven segment decoders, counters, seven segment displays,transistors,timer ICs (NE 555), comparators,multiplexers and other basic electronic components such as resistors and capacitors. Here the integrating part has to be implemented using only the basic electronics(Op amps,capacitors and resistors etc).Can any one help me to find a complete circuit diagram(proteus or circuit maker) for this and a description about its operation.
the integrator is an op amp with a capacitor in the feedback loop.
an analog multiplexer can be used to switch the input to the integrator between the voltage being sampled and ground.
the NE 555 timer can be set up as an asymmetrical pulse wave with the high phase switching the multiplexer to look at the sampled input voltage and the low (ground) phase switching the multiplexer to ground. The output of the integator will then be a triangle wave with it's height proportional to the input voltage.
the digital output is just BCD counters through BCD-to-7-segment decoders connected to the 7-segment displays.
a second NE555 (or the other half of an NE556 dual timer) is set up as a fast square wave oscillator to drive the clock input of the counters. The counters are set to "count up".
The high phase of the first NE555 can be used to RESET the counters. When that goes low the counters start counting up at a fixed rate.
When the output of the integrator goes to zero, an op amp set up as a comparator halts the counter or latches the BCD to 7 segment decoders to hold the reading until the next sample.
All this kind of has to be tuned to so that it counts up to reasonable values without overflowing during the sampling integrator's discharge cycle.
if you don't have latching this gets a bit more complicated. You may be able to use reset and clock-enable, or make edge detectors using op amps that compare the voltages on two capacitors with different charging resistors on it's inputs. The difference in charging times is used to find a rising edge of a rectangle wave by noticing when the voltages are different. You might also need something resembling a NAND gate or whatever.
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